FCC 123 ICT - Shahista Nisha

During this week, I leant everything about database, its function, its components and how it uses by the user. A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. Database is not a new thing, it is one of the things that we always listen, look and use in Microsoft office, and it is Microsoft access. Database can be classified according to many types of content such bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images. In computing, databases are sometimes classified according to their organizational approach. The most prevalent approach is the relational database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways. A distributed database is one that can be dispersed or replicated among different points in a network. An object-oriented programming database is one that is congruent with the data defined in object classes and subclasses. After this I learn on database management system. A database management system (DBMS), sometimes just called a database manager, is a program that lets one or more computer users create and access data in a database. By this week, I also learn on the database component. There is some component that we will be face during doing a work in data base. The components are tables, queries, forms, reports and soon. Each component has its own function in the database.

During this week, I learnt Web 2.0 which is the popular term for advances Internet Technology and applications Including blogs, wikis, Really simple syndication (RSS) and social bookmarking. I have learned elements of Web 2.0, categories of web 2.0 sites which are social networking, aggregators and Mashup. I have known web 2.0 information technology applications and compared web 1.0 and web 2.0 to identify the differences between them. Finally, we learned about Web 3.0 which is about semantic web (or the meaning of data), personalization, intelligent search and behavioural advertising among other things.

Eventually, We were given another group assignment. Now I am working with new group members and the task is quite interesting. We started creating our own website on Google site. We got the instructions how to start and further we need to switch on our creativity to develop our website. My group decided to promote a university website. We have arranged a meeting and we have discussed each other finally we have launched a beautiful website with all contents which were asked by our lecturer. It was a good opportunity for us to make and design a website and I experienced group project and how to manage with the task among members. Our Google site is : 

During this week, my lecturer taught us about information system development of methodology. ISD methodologies are a collection of procedures, techniques, tools and documentation aids which will help the systems developers in their efforts to implement a new information system. The uses of methodology in affirm or in an organization are to make the analysis and design process more accessible to non-experts. There are a lot of methodologies. There are STRADIS, Information Engineering, Jackson system development, Prototyping, Structured approach, and Structured System Analysis and Design. This is the all methodology that we have covered in the class. After the lesson finish on the methodology, we are given a group task that is we have to find the definition of each methodology that we have covered in the class. So, we went to the library and divide our works to our four members. After find out, we share each definition to find out which definition is the most perfect, suitable and correct to each methodology. Then, I know that:

STRADIS: The methodology involves building a system top-down by successive refinement. First, an overall system data flow is created. Then, detailed data flows are created. Next, the details of the data structures and the process logic are determined. Finally, design of modular structures is begun.


SDLC: is defined as the process (as a whole) of developing system or software to meet certain requirements.

This is the most important week for our subject. Because during this week our lecturer explored clearly about types of main information systems such as TPS (Transaction Processing System), DSS (Decision Support System), ESS (Expert Support System), MIS (Management Information System) and ESS (Executive Support System). Also we learnt some other information systems.

These above mentioned information systems are divided into two groups. The two groups are Operation Support System and Management Support System. MSS, EIS, DSS is manage under Management Support System while TPS, ESS is manage under Operation Support System. ESS is use for making strategic decision, DSS and MIS is use for decision making and TPS is use for day to day info and operation.
Then, I also learn the main four systems that used is every organization to do their office work and its each role in that organization. They are such following. First, ESS is designed to be operated directly by executives without the need for intermediaries and easily tailored to the preferences of the individual using. Its characteristics support unstructured decisions, used only at the most senior management level, provide critical information for executives and managers and soon. Second, DSS is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. It always used in a complex situation and it also helps manager to do the right things such handle large amount of data from various sources. Third TPS is an IS that captures and processes data generated perform the activities associated with transaction processing. It is used in operational personnel and supervisory levels. Finally, MIS is an integrated collection of people, procedures, databases and devices that provides managers and decision makers with information to help achieve organizational goals. It plays a role as provide the right information to the right person in the right format at the right time. There are many examples of MIS that is using in many organizations. Here are some examples in the following:

Sales Management System
Inventory Control System
Management Reporting System
By learn these things in more details make me gain more information in information system and i hope that it will help me when I sit in my career.

During this week we studied about the Information Systems. Honestly, today only I got to know the definition of Information system. I learnt how are the components interrelated and specially our lecturer gave us a clear idea about what is information system and she explained each components. It gave me very good understanding on this topic. Secondly, our lecturer gave us a lecture about types of information systems and afterwards we were supposed to do group activity. We really enjoyed these activities, because they help me to understand things better. So, our group had to find out they types of information system. So we had to do research on this topic, so I took it into our group members consideration and I motivated and explained what are the works each member had to do. After this I did presenation to my lecturer. After doing all these works, now I get to know what information system is. Information system is a combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination and decision making in an organization. In information system there are component of hardware, software, database, people and procedure. This all system is used to build payroll system, Marketing system, customer service system and inventory system. In the past years in order to purchase an order it takes many process level by level. But now that problem solved by information system with just take one process that is by computer.

In addition to this, there is another component in Computer Based Information System (CBIS). The five components are same as the component of information system but there is additional one component in CBIS. The components of CBIS are the following:

In this week,  Information and Communication Technology. This whole week about ICT.

. I got to know more information regarding ICT during this week. ICT ICT is a combination of media broadcasting technologies with digital technologies. It is not only in computing it is also involve in Education, Science Health care, Business and Banking. When ICT comes to all these fields everything became easy and the works were easily, effectively and accurately done in all these fields.

At last, ICT known as is a media broadcasting technology with digital technology. Nowadays ICT is used in many industries and fields. ICT make a big changes and improvement in those industries. The most industries that benefited by ICT is such healthcare, education, banking, business, and much more. In education, ICT has become expand access to searching for the information that related to education. Then, by the ICT the quality of education also is increase day by day. It also making the learning and teaching into an engaging or active process connected to daily life. For the students it removes problems concerning space and time. So that, they can access for the information at anywhere and anytime without troubles and obstacles. ICT also provide an internet tutorial way in the internet, so students also can learn in the internet other than classroom.

Furthermore, banking also one of the industries that benefited by ICT. Before the foundation of the internet, the works in bank done by manually force. This makes all the transaction can only be made during working hours and it makes very slow services. After the ICT there is a big development in the banking sector. All the works done by the machine and the transaction is worked for 24 hours system. By this the services in banking is improved to online banking services. The examples that using of ICT in banking is ATM, smart cards, telephone banking and soon.

During this week my lecturer teaches about information technology. So, I gain many things from this topic that I learns in this week. First of all, information technology is a computer based tool of the branch of engineering that deals with the use of computers and telecommunications to retrieve and store and transmit information. The biggest things in information technology are information architecture. Information architecture (IA) is the art of expressing a model or concept of information used in activities that require explicit. It is a high level map of a plan of the information assets in an organization. It integrates the needs for the entire of the organization business. Then, after information architecture it is followed by information infrastructure. An information infrastructure is defined as a structured collection of information system components and organization processes enabling flow of information to effect enterprise integration. The physical facilities of information infrastructure are IT components, IT services and IT personal. This three are the main facilities for an entire organization of business.IT is an any computer-based tool that people used to work with information and to support the information and information-processing needs of an organisation. IT mainly divided into two categories those are IT Architecture and IT Infrastructure. We have discussed in class how IT architecture and IT infrastructure are interrelated. Finally, we were talking about globalization and what are the changes happened in particular globalization period.

We started new trimester on ICT. We were given handouts and informed with examination, project, assignment dates. But what was actually important is new topic. Our lecturer explained the difference between data and information. We had an activity in class. Each student was given a form where we were supposed to fill in our personal details. Afterwards Ms Nisha asked us to define what is data and what is information. All of us were quite confused and there were different answers given. But, finally, we came to the right answer. The details like date of birth, place of birth, contact number were data, because separately they are raw facts. And when those raw facts are organized into one form and give a full meaning they become information. So the main idea was that data is raw facts (words,images, numbers, etc.), when they are grouped and have meaning purpose they become information, and, lastly, after contextualizing them we get knowledge.